Behind every thriving society is a woman who educates, advocates, and breaks barriers. In Somaliland, women play a key role in various sectors, contributing to national development, state-building, leadership, politics, business, democratization, education, economic growth, and peacebuilding efforts. However, they face significant obstacles due to Somaliland’s lack of international recognition. Despite these challenges, women in Somaliland continue to be a driving force in shaping society and fostering progress.
1. State-Building and Peacebuilding in Somaliland
Since reclaiming independence in 1991, Somaliland women have played a vital role in peacebuilding and state-building. They were instrumental in reconciliation efforts, contributing through songs, symbolic acts, and active participation in the 33 reconciliation conferences (Walls, 2009). Following Somalia’s regime collapse, which left deep divisions among the people of Somaliland, women played a crucial role in rebuilding trust and unity in society, fostering peace and stability in Somaliland (Bradbury, 2008).
2. Women’s Contribution to Somaliland’s Economic Development
Women play a crucial role in Somaliland’s economy, particularly in business growth and the informal sector. Many women are small business owners and street vendors, significantly driving revenue generation and overall economic growth.
A striking example is the resilience of street vendors in Hargeisa and other major cities. Despite facing challenges such as limited access to financial support, they continue to generate substantial income and contribute to local government revenue (SIHA Network, 2018).
Beyond the informal sector, Somaliland women have demonstrated remarkable entrepreneurial skills. One notable example is Laila Omar, the founder of Jumeirah Coffee in Hargeisa. Her establishment has become one of the most popular spots in the country, providing a relaxing atmosphere for people to unwind. The introduction of free live music from 10 PM to midnight has transformed Jumeirah Coffee into a hub of joy, where people come together to sing, dance, and share moments of happiness. In addition to its social impact, the café has created job opportunities for dozens of young Somalilanders, further strengthening the domestic economy.
3. Women’s Role in Political Participation and Leadership
When it comes to leadership and political participation, Somaliland women hold high positions compared to many internationally recognized countries. However, their representation in parliament and local councils elected by the people remains limited (Hassan-King, 2020).
Women’s leadership and political engagement are key pillars of Somaliland’s governance. Under the administration of President Abdirahman Irro, two ministers, a deputy minister, and a presidential advisor on women’s affairs actively contribute to national decision-making.
Moreover, women have made significant strides in Somaliland’s national forces, assuming leadership roles in the military, coast guard, police, and immigration services. Their competence and dedication have earned them high ranks and respect.
For instance, Full Colonel Hibo Salah is a senior officer in the Somaliland police force with extensive expertise. Captain Deqa Mohamoud leads military officers in the Sanaag region, showcasing strong leadership, while Captain Suhuur, chief training officer of the Somaliland Coast Guard, exemplifies excellence. These women inspire others to pursue careers in the national forces, proving leadership knows no gender
4. The Role of Women in Education and Healthcare
As teachers, women empower and guide the future leaders of Somaliland. Their impact goes far beyond the classroom, influencing future generations and breaking cycles of poverty, inequality, and ignorance. For girls, female teachers serve as role models, demonstrating that professional success is not limited by gender. Every woman teaching subjects like math, science, or technology challenges gender stereotypes, showing both boys and girls that intelligence has no gender (Ahmed, 2019).
Similarly, women have made significant contributions to the health sector. One of the most renowned figures in Somaliland’s medical field is Dr. Edna Aden, a former foreign minister and founder of Edna Hospital. She has dedicated her life to training young women in healthcare and has received numerous international awards, including the Templeton Prize and the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur, for her work in maternal and child health.
Another inspiring figure is Dr. Faadumo Osman, the founder of Burao College of Health Science, who has trained thousands of young women as maternal and child healthcare educators. Unfortunately, most of these young women are unable to access international opportunities, such as scholarships and professional development programs, unlike their peers around the world, due to the lack of recognition of their country.
5. President Abdirahman Irro’s Vision for Somaliland Women
Recognizing the immense contributions of women to society, the President of the Republic of Somaliland, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi (Cirro), reaffirmed their significance during the official ceremony marking International Women’s Day. He stated: “Women are the backbone of our society, economy, and the very existence of our nation. They have played an unforgettable role in rebuilding our country from challenging times and in the re-establishment of our government.”
Furthermore, he outlined his vision for the future, stating: “My aspiration is for Somaliland to become a nation where women play a leading role in social affairs, economic advancement, and political leadership, all in alignment with our Islamic values and honorable traditions” (Horn Diplomat, 2024).
In Conclusion
Despite Somaliland’s lack of international recognition, women play a vital role in state-building, economic growth, education, and political leadership. Their resilience shapes the nation’s future, yet they face barriers such as limited funding and visa restrictions, hindering access to global scholarships and international development programs that could enhance their professional growth. Recognizing Somaliland would not only end the long-standing injustice faced by its six million people but also unlock its full potential, paving the way for lasting prosperity.
Author: Amiira Osman the deputy director of Laasgeel Institute for Policy Studies, based in Hargeisa, Somaliland.
References
Ahmed, A. (2019). The Role of Women in Education and Development in Somaliland. Hargeisa: Somaliland Research Institute.
Bradbury, M. (2008). Becoming Somaliland. London: Progressio.
Hassan-King, F. (2020). Women’s Political Participation in Somaliland: Challenges and Opportunities. African Women’s Studies Journal.
Horn Diplomat. (2024). President Abdirahman Irro’s Speech on International Women’s Day. Retrieved from [source].
SIHA Network. (2018). Women in the Informal Economy: A Case Study of Somaliland. Kampala: SIHA Publications.
Walls, M. (2009). The Emergence of a Somali State: Building Peace from Civil War in Somaliland. African Affairs
