This policy brief urges the African Union to resolve the long-standing dispute between Somaliland and Somalia. It asserts that Somaliland’s case is not an act of secession but a lawful reclamation of its previous statehood, grounded in the principle of state continuity. The State of Somaliland and Italian Somalia never formed a ratified union, rendering the union legally invalid. On this basis, Somaliland rightfully regained its sovereignty in 1991.
The brief highlights the findings of the African Union’s 2005 fact-finding mission, which acknowledged the uniqueness of Somaliland’s case. It further emphasizes Somalia’s ongoing aggression and the significant challenges that the absence of international recognition poses for Somaliland. This lack of recognition continues to obstruct Somaliland’s political engagement and economic development, undermining the stability of the region.
Ultimately, the brief offers practical recommendations for the new leadership of the African Union. These include initiating legal arbitration to address the dispute, considering Somaliland’s diplomatic recognition, and providing support for its democratic institutions. Such measures would not only affirm justice but also contribute to long-term peace, security, and stability in the Horn of Africa.
